diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 7c5c52c..641289e 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ dist/
 # 运行时数据（状态文件、缓存、聊天记录本地副本等）
 .data/
 .pi
+# tool_manager 审计日志
+tools/.tool_audit.log
 
 # 环境配置（含密钥，不入库）
 .env
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.network-runner b/docker/Dockerfile.network-runner
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f3935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.network-runner
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ias-network-runner — 允许联网的工具运行环境
+# 供需要自行发起 HTTP 的工具使用（当前工具均通过宿主 http 消息代理联网，
+# 此镜像为将来工具直接联网预留）。运行时仍可按需 --network none。
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates curl \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+ENTRYPOINT []
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.stdio-runner b/docker/Dockerfile.stdio-runner
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9baab1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.stdio-runner
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# ias-stdio-runner — 运行普通 stdio 工具的极简隔离环境
+# 无网络、只读根、低权限。工具二进制通过 bind mount 提供，镜像本身不含工具。
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+ENTRYPOINT []
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.tool-builder b/docker/Dockerfile.tool-builder
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..577138d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.tool-builder
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# ias-tool-builder — tool_manager 编译 Rust 工具的隔离环境
+# 预缓存 serde_json（tool_manager 生成工具的唯一依赖），支持 --network none 离线编译。
+# 运行时由 tool_manager 挂载 tool_dir 到 /work，cargo 在 /work 内编译，产物写回宿主。
+FROM rust:1.88-slim
+RUN cargo new /tmp/seed && cd /tmp/seed \
+ && printf 'serde_json = "1.0"\n' >> Cargo.toml \
+ && cargo build --release \
+ && rm -rf /tmp/seed
+WORKDIR /work
+ENTRYPOINT []
diff --git a/docker/build-images.sh b/docker/build-images.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..de206fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/build-images.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# 构建三类沙箱基础镜像。无需为每个工具单独写 Dockerfile。
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"   # docker/
+
+echo "=== 构建 ias-stdio-runner（无网络只读容器）==="
+docker build -t ias-stdio-runner -f Dockerfile.stdio-runner .
+
+echo "=== 构建 ias-network-runner（联网容器）==="
+docker build -t ias-network-runner -f Dockerfile.network-runner .
+
+echo "=== 构建 ias-tool-builder（Rust 编译容器）==="
+docker build -t ias-tool-builder -f Dockerfile.tool-builder .
+
+echo "=== 完成 ==="
+docker images | grep -E '^ias-(stdio|network|tool)'
diff --git a/src/tools/executor.rs b/src/tools/executor.rs
index 6c0d0df..025ff98 100644
--- a/src/tools/executor.rs
+++ b/src/tools/executor.rs
@@ -145,27 +145,14 @@ pub async fn execute_loop(
         }
 
         // ── spawn ──
-        let binary = std::path::Path::new(binary_path);
-        let mut cmd = Command::new(&binary);
-        if let Some(c) = &spec.command {
-            cmd.arg("--command").arg(c);
-        }
-        // 安全：清空继承环境，仅注入 PATH（子进程定位可执行）+ spec 声明的白名单变量，
-        // 避免工具读取宿主全部 API key、数据库密码等敏感变量
-        cmd.env_clear();
-        if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("PATH") {
-            cmd.env("PATH", path);
-        }
-        for key in &spec.env {
-            match std::env::var(key) {
-                Ok(v) => {
-                    cmd.env(key, &v);
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    warn!(target: "ias::err", "[env] 工具 '{}' 需要的环境变量 '{}' 未设置", spec.name, key);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        // 执行隔离边界：启用沙箱时按 sandbox.profile 选择一次性 Docker 容器，
+        // 否则本地 spawn（env_clear + 白名单注入）
+        let use_docker = sandbox_enabled() && spec.sandbox.profile != "local";
+        let mut cmd = if use_docker {
+            build_docker_cmd(spec, binary_path)
+        } else {
+            build_local_cmd(spec, binary_path)
+        };
         cmd.stdin(std::process::Stdio::piped())
             .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
             .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
@@ -359,3 +346,85 @@ pub async fn execute_loop(
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// 全局沙箱开关：`IAS_DOCKER_SANDBOX=1` 启用一次性容器隔离
+fn sandbox_enabled() -> bool {
+    std::env::var("IAS_DOCKER_SANDBOX")
+        .ok()
+        .as_deref()
+        == Some("1")
+}
+
+/// 本地执行：env_clear + PATH + spec.env 白名单注入
+fn build_local_cmd(spec: &ToolSpec, binary_path: &str) -> Command {
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(std::path::Path::new(binary_path));
+    if let Some(c) = &spec.command {
+        cmd.arg("--command").arg(c);
+    }
+    cmd.env_clear();
+    if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("PATH") {
+        cmd.env("PATH", path);
+    }
+    for key in &spec.env {
+        match std::env::var(key) {
+            Ok(v) => {
+                cmd.env(key, &v);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                warn!(target: "ias::err", "[env] 工具 '{}' 需要的环境变量 '{}' 未设置", spec.name, key);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    cmd
+}
+
+/// Docker 隔离执行：一次性容器，默认无网络、只读根、cap-drop ALL、
+/// no-new-privileges，仅挂载工具二进制（ro）+ tmpfs /tmp
+fn build_docker_cmd(spec: &ToolSpec, binary_path: &str) -> Command {
+    let image = match spec.sandbox.profile.as_str() {
+        "network" => "ias-network-runner",
+        "builder" => "ias-tool-builder",
+        _ => "ias-stdio-runner",
+    };
+    let mut cmd = Command::new("docker");
+    cmd.arg("run")
+        .arg("--rm")
+        .arg("--network")
+        .arg(if spec.sandbox.network == "default" {
+            "default"
+        } else {
+            "none"
+        })
+        .arg("--memory")
+        .arg(&spec.sandbox.memory)
+        .arg("--cpus")
+        .arg(&spec.sandbox.cpus)
+        .arg("--pids-limit")
+        .arg(spec.sandbox.pids_limit.to_string())
+        .arg("--cap-drop")
+        .arg("ALL")
+        .arg("--security-opt")
+        .arg("no-new-privileges");
+    if spec.sandbox.read_only {
+        cmd.arg("--read-only");
+    }
+    // 工具二进制只读挂载到 /tool
+    cmd.arg("--mount")
+        .arg(format!("type=bind,source={binary_path},target=/tool,readonly"));
+    // 可写临时目录
+    cmd.arg("--mount")
+        .arg("type=tmpfs,target=/tmp");
+    // env：容器内固定 PATH + spec 声明的白名单
+    cmd.arg("--env")
+        .arg("PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin");
+    for key in &spec.env {
+        if let Ok(v) = std::env::var(key) {
+            cmd.arg("--env").arg(format!("{key}={v}"));
+        }
+    }
+    cmd.arg(image).arg("/tool");
+    if let Some(c) = &spec.command {
+        cmd.arg("--command").arg(c);
+    }
+    cmd
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/registry.rs b/src/tools/registry.rs
index 9ad7cf4..4d69a61 100644
--- a/src/tools/registry.rs
+++ b/src/tools/registry.rs
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ path: /target/release/mytool
                 required: true,
                 desc: "城市".into(),
             }],
+            sandbox: Default::default(),
         };
 
         let err = validate_required_params(&spec, &serde_json::json!({})).unwrap();
@@ -363,6 +364,7 @@ path: /target/release/mytool
                 required: true,
                 desc: "城市".into(),
             }],
+            sandbox: Default::default(),
         };
 
         assert!(
diff --git a/src/tools/spec.rs b/src/tools/spec.rs
index c4c5eab..2c6aca1 100644
--- a/src/tools/spec.rs
+++ b/src/tools/spec.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,48 @@ pub struct ParamSpec {
     pub desc: String,
 }
 
+/// 沙箱配置（Docker 一次性容器隔离）
+///
+/// ```yaml
+/// sandbox:
+///   profile: stdio   # local | stdio | network | builder
+///   network: none    # none | default
+///   memory: 256m
+///   cpus: "0.5"
+///   pids_limit: 64
+///   read_only: true
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct SandboxSpec {
+    /// 沙箱画像：`local` 本地执行（默认，不启用容器）；`stdio` 无网络只读容器；
+    /// `network` 联网容器；`builder` 构建容器（供 tool_manager）
+    pub profile: String,
+    /// 网络：`none`（默认）或 `default`
+    pub network: String,
+    /// 内存限制，如 `256m`
+    pub memory: String,
+    /// CPU 限制，如 `0.5`
+    pub cpus: String,
+    /// PID 数量上限
+    pub pids_limit: u32,
+    /// 只读根文件系统
+    pub read_only: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for SandboxSpec {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            profile: "local".into(),
+            network: "none".into(),
+            memory: "256m".into(),
+            cpus: "0.5".into(),
+            pids_limit: 64,
+            read_only: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// 工具规范（`*.tool.yaml` 的完整映射）
 ///
 /// ```yaml
@@ -56,6 +98,10 @@ pub struct ToolSpec {
 
     #[serde(default)]
     pub params: Vec<ParamSpec>,
+
+    /// 沙箱配置（Docker 隔离）；默认 profile=local 不启用容器
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub sandbox: SandboxSpec,
 }
 
 fn default_risk_level() -> String {
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_geocode.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_geocode.tool.yaml
index 3e516ff..0fcec20 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_geocode.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_geocode.tool.yaml
@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ params:
   - name: city
     required: false
     desc: 城市名称，可选。限定地理编码的城市范围
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_map_link.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_map_link.tool.yaml
index ade1812..50a7b13 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_map_link.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_map_link.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: center
     required: false
     desc: 地图中心点经纬度坐标，格式"经度,纬度"，默认天安门坐标
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_poi_search.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_poi_search.tool.yaml
index 57781b3..d2058bb 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_poi_search.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_poi_search.tool.yaml
@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ params:
   - name: radius
     required: false
     desc: 搜索半径（米），如 500、1000、3000。默认 1000 米
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_reverse_geocode.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_reverse_geocode.tool.yaml
index 5fdd89b..62f066e 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_reverse_geocode.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_reverse_geocode.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: location
     required: true
     desc: 经纬度坐标，格式为"经度,纬度"，如"116.397,39.908"
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_route_plan.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_route_plan.tool.yaml
index c41f351..a8db3b9 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_route_plan.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_route_plan.tool.yaml
@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ params:
   - name: type
     required: false
     desc: 出行方式：driving(驾车)、walking(步行)、riding(骑行)、transit(公交)。默认 driving
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/amap/specs/amap_travel_plan.tool.yaml b/tools/amap/specs/amap_travel_plan.tool.yaml
index ab69515..62d1874 100644
--- a/tools/amap/specs/amap_travel_plan.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/amap/specs/amap_travel_plan.tool.yaml
@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ params:
   - name: interests
     required: false
     desc: 感兴趣的关键词，逗号分隔，如"景点,美食,酒店"。默认"景点,美食"
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/datetime/specs/get_current_datetime.tool.yaml b/tools/datetime/specs/get_current_datetime.tool.yaml
index afd8b1f..6181c8d 100644
--- a/tools/datetime/specs/get_current_datetime.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/datetime/specs/get_current_datetime.tool.yaml
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ path: /target/release/datetime
 risk_level: low
 timeout_secs: 3
 params: []
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/fetch_page/specs/fetch_page.tool.yaml b/tools/fetch_page/specs/fetch_page.tool.yaml
index 00c115c..309dc2a 100644
--- a/tools/fetch_page/specs/fetch_page.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/fetch_page/specs/fetch_page.tool.yaml
@@ -9,3 +9,6 @@ params:
   - name: url
     required: true
     desc: 网页URL
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/memories/specs/delete_memory.tool.yaml b/tools/memories/specs/delete_memory.tool.yaml
index 6b7499e..c56dfd0 100644
--- a/tools/memories/specs/delete_memory.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/memories/specs/delete_memory.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: memory_id
     required: true
     desc: 记忆ID
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/memories/specs/get_memory.tool.yaml b/tools/memories/specs/get_memory.tool.yaml
index cf1a93e..fcfc75a 100644
--- a/tools/memories/specs/get_memory.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/memories/specs/get_memory.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: memory_id
     required: true
     desc: 记忆的数字ID，从 read_memories 返回结果中获取
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/memories/specs/read_memories.tool.yaml b/tools/memories/specs/read_memories.tool.yaml
index 30d0827..482a204 100644
--- a/tools/memories/specs/read_memories.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/memories/specs/read_memories.tool.yaml
@@ -9,3 +9,6 @@ timeout_secs: 3
 env:
   - IAS_MEMORY_DIR
 params:
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/memories/specs/update_memory.tool.yaml b/tools/memories/specs/update_memory.tool.yaml
index 0038a6f..b92b2ee 100644
--- a/tools/memories/specs/update_memory.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/memories/specs/update_memory.tool.yaml
@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ params:
   - name: content
     required: true
     desc: 更新后的新内容，覆盖原记忆
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/memories/specs/write_memory.tool.yaml b/tools/memories/specs/write_memory.tool.yaml
index 2a7497c..318ad56 100644
--- a/tools/memories/specs/write_memory.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/memories/specs/write_memory.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: content
     required: true
     desc: 要记录的记忆内容，用自然语言描述。如"用户住在合肥包河区联投新安里A区"
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/tool_manager/src/main.rs b/tools/tool_manager/src/main.rs
index bb69e60..2df91c6 100644
--- a/tools/tool_manager/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/tool_manager/src/main.rs
@@ -122,16 +122,38 @@ fn update_tool_project(tool_dir: &Path, tool_name: &str, params: &Value) -> Resu
 
 fn build_tool(tool_dir: &Path, tool_name: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     let binary = tool_dir.join("target/release").join(tool_name);
+    let use_builder = std::env::var("IAS_DOCKER_BUILDER")
+        .ok()
+        .as_deref()
+        == Some("1");
 
-    // 用 `timeout` 限制构建时长，超时返回 124；cargo 及其子进程都会被信号终止
-    let output = Command::new("timeout")
-        .arg(BUILD_TIMEOUT_SECS.to_string())
-        .arg("cargo")
-        .arg("build")
-        .arg("--release")
-        .current_dir(tool_dir)
-        .output()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("启动 cargo 失败: {e}"))?;
+    // 启用 builder 容器时在隔离环境内离线编译，挂载 tool_dir 到 /work，产物写回宿主；
+    // 否则本地 cargo（受 timeout 限制）
+    let output = if use_builder {
+        Command::new("docker")
+            .arg("run").arg("--rm")
+            .arg("--network").arg("none")
+            .arg("--memory").arg("1g")
+            .arg("--cpus").arg("1")
+            .arg("--pids-limit").arg("128")
+            .arg("--cap-drop").arg("ALL")
+            .arg("--security-opt").arg("no-new-privileges")
+            .arg("-v").arg(format!("{}:/work", tool_dir.display()))
+            .arg("-w").arg("/work")
+            .arg("ias-tool-builder")
+            .arg("timeout").arg(BUILD_TIMEOUT_SECS.to_string())
+            .arg("cargo").arg("build").arg("--release")
+            .output()
+    } else {
+        Command::new("timeout")
+            .arg(BUILD_TIMEOUT_SECS.to_string())
+            .arg("cargo")
+            .arg("build")
+            .arg("--release")
+            .current_dir(tool_dir)
+            .output()
+    }
+    .map_err(|e| format!("启动构建失败: {e}"))?;
 
     if !output.status.success() {
         // 构建失败：删除可能残留的旧二进制，避免 reload 后仍调用旧版本造成"假成功"
diff --git a/tools/weather/specs/weather_forecast.tool.yaml b/tools/weather/specs/weather_forecast.tool.yaml
index 59bd20f..dc9b7fb 100644
--- a/tools/weather/specs/weather_forecast.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/weather/specs/weather_forecast.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: location
     required: true
     desc: 城市名称，如"北京"、"上海"、"合肥"。支持地级市和县级市
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/weather/specs/weather_hourly.tool.yaml b/tools/weather/specs/weather_hourly.tool.yaml
index 9356910..556b82a 100644
--- a/tools/weather/specs/weather_hourly.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/weather/specs/weather_hourly.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: location
     required: true
     desc: 城市名称，如"北京"、"上海"、"合肥"。支持地级市和县级市
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/weather/specs/weather_now.tool.yaml b/tools/weather/specs/weather_now.tool.yaml
index 8dd1aa8..0c93562 100644
--- a/tools/weather/specs/weather_now.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/weather/specs/weather_now.tool.yaml
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ params:
   - name: location
     required: true
     desc: 城市名称，如"北京"、"上海"、"合肥"。支持地级市和县级市
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio
diff --git a/tools/web_search/specs/web_search.tool.yaml b/tools/web_search/specs/web_search.tool.yaml
index 4cca1da..2f7e722 100644
--- a/tools/web_search/specs/web_search.tool.yaml
+++ b/tools/web_search/specs/web_search.tool.yaml
@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ params:
     desc: 搜索关键词，如"Rust 2024 edition 新特性"、"今天比特币价格"
   - name: max_results
     desc: 返回的最大搜索结果数量（1-20），默认5条
+
+sandbox:
+  profile: stdio