diff --git a/src/config.rs b/src/config.rs
index e6fcfb7..c42484a 100644
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -142,27 +142,46 @@ impl Default for AppConfig {
 
 impl AppConfig {
     /// 从文件加载配置，缺失字段回退到环境变量
+    /// 尝试顺序：path → ~/.ias/config.json → 默认
     pub fn from_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Self {
         let path = path.as_ref();
+
+        // 尝试指定路径
         if path.exists() {
-            match std::fs::read_to_string(path) {
-                Ok(content) => {
-                    // 先做环境变量替换
-                    let resolved = resolve_env_vars(&content);
-                    match serde_json::from_str(&resolved) {
-                        Ok(cfg) => return cfg,
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            tracing::warn!("解析配置文件失败 ({}): {}，使用默认配置", path.display(), e);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    tracing::warn!("读取配置文件失败 ({}): {}，使用默认配置", path.display(), e);
+            match Self::try_load(path) {
+                Some(cfg) => return cfg,
+                None => tracing::warn!("解析配置文件失败: {}，尝试回退", path.display()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 回退到 ~/.ias/config.json
+        let home = dirs::home_dir();
+        if let Some(home) = home {
+            let fallback = home.join(".ias").join("config.json");
+            if fallback.exists() {
+                tracing::info!("使用全局配置: {}", fallback.display());
+                match Self::try_load(&fallback) {
+                    Some(cfg) => return cfg,
+                    None => tracing::warn!("解析全局配置失败: {}", fallback.display()),
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        tracing::info!("使用默认配置");
         Self::default()
     }
+
+    fn try_load(path: &Path) -> Option<Self> {
+        let content = std::fs::read_to_string(path).ok()?;
+        let resolved = resolve_env_vars(&content);
+        match serde_json::from_str(&resolved) {
+            Ok(cfg) => Some(cfg),
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("解析配置文件失败 ({}): {}", path.display(), e);
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// 替换字符串中的 `${VAR_NAME}` 为环境变量值
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 50e443c..73d6807 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,16 @@ async fn main() {
     let is_service = matches!(cli.command, Commands::Service);
     logger::init_logger(Some(".data/logs"), is_service);
 
-    dotenvy::dotenv().ok();
+    // .env 加载：先当前目录，再 ~/.ias/.env
+    if std::path::Path::new(".env").exists() {
+        dotenvy::dotenv().ok();
+    } else if let Ok(home) = std::env::var("HOME") {
+        let fallback = std::path::PathBuf::from(&home).join(".ias").join(".env");
+        if fallback.exists() {
+            dotenvy::from_path(&fallback).ok();
+            tracing::info!("使用全局环境配置: {}", fallback.display());
+        }
+    }
 
     let config = AppConfig::from_file("config.json");